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How often should you fertilize lawn?
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How often should you fertilize lawn?
Fertilizing provides the nutrients your grass needs to grow healthy and strong. Jun 26, 2024 · You should fertilize your cool-season lawn in fall or spring, and fertilize your warm-season lawn in mid-to-late spring or summer. How Often Should I Fertilize? How often you should fertilize depends on the type of grass you have and where you’re located cold-season grasses need different frequencies of fertilization. Augustine grass, and zoysia grass, you’ll also want to fertilize your lawn in late spring or early summer before high temperatures roll in. Warm-Season Grasses: Late spring through summer is ideal for fertilizing warm-season … In this guide, we’ll delve into the context of how to fertilize lawns and the essentials of lawn fertilization, from understanding the different types of fertilizers to implementing a strategic fertilization schedule tailored to your lawn’s specific needs. Man putting fertlizer in sprayer for lawn (Image credit: Shutterstock). You should perform a soil test before you plant new grass. This will help to keep your lawn healthy and green. Fertilizing your lawn is an important part of keeping it. You can begin in early spring, once the weather is consistently warm, as … How you look after your lawn depends on what you want to achieve. Jun 20, 2024 · How often you should be fertilizing your lawn can also depend on the length of the season for your area and the type of fertilizer used in these seasons. Fertilization is a crucial component in. This will help your lawn to green up quickly and get off to a good start for the season How often should I fertilize my lawn? You should fertilize your lawn every 6-8 weeks during the growing season. Scotts Turf Builder is a popular fertilizer that can help keep your grass healthy and strong. But the question remains: how often should you fertilize your lawn? This can depend on several factors, including the type of grass you have, your local climate, and whether you are using synthetic or organic fertilizers. Cool-season grasses benefit from fertilization in early spring and fall, while warm-season grasses thrive with late spring through summer applications How often should you fertilise your lawn? Grass can be fertilised a second time in autumn to prepare it for winter. Photo Credit: JulieStar / Shutterstock Generally, established lawns should be fertilized once or twice per year during the turf’s growing season. This guide details when to fertilize your lawn, whether you have cool-season or warm-season grass. Hydro seeding, also known as hydraulic mulch seeding or hydro mulching, has become a popular method for establishing lush and healthy lawns. This helps support new leaves and fruit. Plus, your climate impacts when peak season is for your lawn. Always follow the recommended fertilizer schedule and avoid over-fertilizing your lawn. Run the spreader around the perimeter of the lawn with the hopper vent open and then back and forth across the rest of the lawn, overlapping each pass just a bit. "Common thought says you should fertilize your lawn 2-4 times a year, with some lawns requiring more or fewer applications," says Jay Betts, a grass expert at lawn care specialist LawnStarter. Whether you’re looking to establish a regular fertilization schedule, choose the right type of fertilizer, or address specific lawn care concerns, their experts can provide valuable. Find out when to apply fertilizer, how to choose the right type, and how to avoid over-fertilizing. When it comes to fertilizing centipede grass, details matter. Not All Lawn Fertilizers Are the Same. Are you wondering how often you should fertilize your lawn or how many times you should spray for weeds? Read these great tips on how many treatments your lawn needs (901) 445-9336 | Careers | Customer Login Arlington; Bartlett; Collierville; Cordova; Germantown; Hernando; Horn Lake; Lakeland; Memphis. Infrequent but deep watering is the key to growing a healthy lawn with deeper roots. Inorganic fertilizers release their nutrients more quickly than organic fertilizers. lawn, you’ll need 2 of nitrogen. However, we recommend fertilising the lawn 3 to 4 times a year: in spring, early summer, possibly late … It will also tell you how often you should apply the fertilizer. One essential aspect of achieving this goal is implementing a proper lawn fertilizing schedule. We've provided general guidelines below, but for specific details for regions and grass types, see our tips for scheduling your fertilizer program. The best time to apply your last fertilizer application is between August 15 and October 1. Mow regularly on a medium height setting. To eradicate toadstools from your lawn, remove dead vegetation, rake up and bag the toadstools, till the soil, apply nitrogen-rich fertilizer, and monitor the lawn for new toadstoo. You can purchase a home test kit or send a soil sample to a local Cooperative Extension office for testing. Maintaining a lush and healthy lawn requires proper care and attention. However, timing plays a significant role in e. To ensure you get this maintenance task right, we spoke to lawn care experts who explain how often you should fertilize your. Ideally, you want to fertilize your lawn when you expect a good amount of rain, so it does the job for you – otherwise, water the granules in yourself until they disappear How seasons impact when you fertilize. Read the product label to determine how much fertilizer you need to spread Watering: After fertilizing, water your lawn lightly to help the fertilizer begin to break down and penetrate the soil, but be mindful of any local water restrictions during drought conditions. If the blades of grass are wet, the fertiliser may burn the lawn. Fertilizing your lawn is not simply about spreading. You should typically fertilize your lawn every 6-8 weeks, as when it grows and gets cut, the nutrients in the soil deplete and need to be replenished. TIP: Organic fertilizers are a source of slowly available, It is important to note that you should not fertilize your lawn too often. Fertilizing at the right time ensures that nutrients ar. Plus fertilizer should be watered immediately. 1. A lush, full lawn is the foundation for great curb appeal, and it also provides an enjoyable place to relax and play. Healthy lawns limit erosion, cool the environment … IMAGE 5. Alternatively, if your soil is low in phosphorous, you can apply a starter fertilizer before or immediately after seeding to give your new seedlings a boost once they germinate. May 7, 2024 · For the best lawn care, you need to feed your grass at the right time. Learning how often to fertilize a lawn is an important step towards having the best-kept lawn on the block. Healthy lawns limit erosion, cool the environment and. If the soil’s not in its best shape, opt for compost or manure-based compost. Read the product label to determine how much fertilizer you need to spread Sep 23, 2024 · There’s a right and a wrong way to fertilize your lawn, and if you choose the wrong way, you’re not going to get the results you want. Whether or not you should use fertilizer on a lawn depends on where you stand on organic or low impact-to-chemical gardening practices. For example, if you apply 1 lb ft ft. Apr 26, 2024 · Measure the area you need to fertilize (the surface of the lawn, without walkways or flower beds). In Canada you should fertilize grass in late spring or early fall, ideally when temperatures are consistently between 15-25°C. For example, before I tested my lawn, I constantly had issues with disease, I did some google searching, read many forum posts, watched YouTube videos, and ultimately came to the conclusion that I had a potassium deficiency and bought a 50lb bag of SOP (potash). When it comes to your lawn, the best way to keep it as healthy as possible during the warm months is with regular fertilization. Types Of Lawn Fertilizer. "In the spring, apply just enough fertilizer to help green up your lawn," says Churchill. Scotts Turf Builder is a popular fertilizer that can help keep your grass healthy and strong. Natural and manufactured fertilizers have different qualities, but it is necessary to take precautions when using either of them. It’ll show you your lawn’s nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (N-P-K) levels and pH balance, … Unlike a lawn left unfertilized in the fall, a well-nourished one will turn green faster, often with fewer weeds and a healthier, more even color Can you apply lawn fertilizer … Grubs may be the first thing you think of when you see unsightly bare areas in your lawn. Advice on fertilizing more than that varies, with some lawn pros suggesting … You should perform a soil test before you plant new grass. How Often To Water Your Lawn After Fertilizing. A cloudy day or in the evening is the best time to fertilize a lawn. If you choose the right fertilizer numbers and follow these tips, you’ll have a lawn that’s treated for months Before treating your lawn with fertilizer, it is good to have your soil. I often find that St. The first signs are the blades turning a bluish color, appearing. As the weather starts to warm up and the days get longer, it’s time to start thinking about preparing your lawn for spring. To eradicate toadstools from your lawn, remove dead vegetation, rake up and bag the toadstools, till the soil, apply nitrogen-rich fertilizer, and monitor the lawn for new toadstoo. Find out the benefits of fertilization, the signs of nutrient deficiency, and how to avoid over-fertilizing. Apr 10, 2023 · If you have an automatic sprinkler system, you should fertilize your lawn about every six weeks. best car with good mileage Fertilizers provide essential nutrients that help grass. But the question remains: how often should you fertilize your lawn? This can depend on several factors, including the type of grass you have, your local climate, and whether you are using synthetic or organic fertilizers. How to Fertilize Warm-Season Grasses in Oklahoma. But how often should you fertilize your lawn, when’s the best time to do it, and is there such a thing as using too much fertilizer? Keep reading for quick answers How Often Should You Aerate Your Lawn? How often you aerate your lawn really comes down to what type of soil you have. Advice on fertilizing more than that varies, with some lawn pros suggesting you fertilize three to four times per year and others warning against any more than twice per year, as you can potentially overfertilize and kill your grass. Mar 7, 2024 · 1. By following these advanced tips, your Bermuda grass lawn will remain lush, green, and the envy of the neighborhood. synthetic fertilizers, and the fact that some last longer than others are. Here's why you shouldn't skip that last fertizer application of the season this fall When To Fertilizer Your Lawn in the Fall. Three applications of fertilizer (the first in spring, the second in mid-September, and third in late October/early November) would be appropriate for individuals who want a vigorous, dark green lawn. It can burn your grass, leach into the water table, and more. … You should fertilize your lawn thrice every year when the grass is actively growing. Creating a lawn fertilizer schedule is an important part of maintaining a healthy, lush lawn. hand gestures Aug 22, 2022 · Fertilizing damaged lawns to restore them. recommendations should be split into 3-6 applications and applied when the turfgrass is actively growing. How often should I fertilize my lawn? Typically, it’s recommended to fertilize your lawn 2-4 times a year, depending on the type of grass and your local climate. Most property owners should start the year with an early-spring fertilization in March or April. How Often Should You Fertilize Your Lawn: The Organic Lawn Care Manual Paul Boardway Tukey,2007-01-01 Explains how to make a lawn safe and environmentally friendly using organic methods and how to pick the best grass for each climate and sunlight situation This makes it easier for you to take care of and enjoy your lawn. Never apply fertilizer until after all danger of frost has passed. The right time to apply fertilizer is when the grass is growing more roots than blades Healthy soils produce healthy lawns. • Phosphorus levels are best determined by soil testing, and it is often not necessary to add phosphorus fertilizer to a lawn after establishment in Florida. How Often to Water Centipede Grass Wait to fertilize in spring until after you have mowed the grass two or three times. A thriving, vibrant lawn is within reach when you know how often to fertilize your lawn and follow a well-planned schedule. But achieving that picture-perfect yard often involves a bit of know-how, especially when it comes to fertilizing. If you’ve been wondering, “How often should I fertilize my lawn?” you’re in the right place. … How often should Bermuda grass be fertilized? Maintaining Bermuda grass involves a carefully timed fertilization schedule. How Often Should I Fertilize My Lawn In South Florida When theres no more chance of a late frost, you should start fertilization about three weeks after the grass turns green. Fertilizing your lawn is an important part of keeping it looking lush and green. If you're trying to repair a damaged lawn, you can apply fertilizer more frequently. In this article, we’ll discuss the best practices for fertilizing your lawn in Florida, so you can keep it healthy and looking its best all year long. You should typically fertilize your lawn every 6-8 weeks, as when it grows and gets cut, the nutrients in the soil deplete and need to be replenished. Use a broadcast, rotary, or drop spreader. Set the spreader to the correct setting and start walking across your lawn. Learning how often to fertilize a lawn is an important step towards having the best-kept lawn on the block. The number of fertilizer applications is largely determined by an individual’s desires or expectations for their lawn. May 12, 2024 · Learn when and how frequently to fertilize your lawn based on factors like grass type, climate, and season. A well-planned and personalized lawn fertilizing schedule can. great questions to ask during an interview You want to be sure you avoid over-fertilizing your lawn. Once mown, it … How often you fertilize — and when to fertilize your lawn — affects not only lawn appearance, but also maintenance level. They sprayed and prayed. Cross-pollination, which is when the pollen of one plant fertilizes another plant of the same species, occurs in a huge number of plants, including corn, willows, grasses and olive. Depending on where you live, you might be able to start fertilizing as early as April and lay down your last. Granular fertilizer: water … How often you fertilize depends on your maintenance plan and the specific needs of your lawn. plant roots are close to fertilizer granules, water is drawn away from these roots and they dehydrate. Measure the area you need to fertilize (the surface of the lawn, without walkways or flower beds). Scotts offers a wide range. Apr 24, 2024 · When fertilizing your lawn, you can actually end up doing more harm than good if you don't do your research. This means taking the lawn mower to it three or four days before you are planning to fertilize it. Fertilizer should be a. Not All Lawn Fertilizers Are the Same. Sep 4, 2024 · Measure the area you need to fertilize (the surface of the lawn, without walkways or flower beds). Healthy lawns limit erosion, cool the environment and. plant roots are close to fertilizer granules, water is drawn away from these roots and they dehydrate. Applying a fertilizer to your lawn in the fall helps it recover from the heat and drought stresses of summer and prepares it for winter so that you have a better lawn next spring. Follow all instructions on the product label. How often you fertilize — and when to fertilize your lawn — affects not only lawn appearance, but also maintenance level. When it comes to fertilizing centipede grass, details matter. When and How Often Should I Fertilize My Lawn? It depends on where you live and the type of grass and fertilizer you're using. One of the most effective ways to evenly distribute fertilizer acro. "Excessive fertilization can lead to fungus issues and increase the likelihood. The right time to apply fertilizer is when the grass is growing more roots than blades Healthy soils produce healthy lawns.
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Fertilizing your lawn is a critical part of helping the grass grow, kind of like giving your yard a multivitamin. Fertilizing too often can damage your lawn and make it more susceptible to pests and diseases. During the scorching Boise summers, the primary focus shifts from promoting growth to maintaining the health of your lawn. Depending on where you live, you might be able to start fertilizing as early as April and lay down your last. Apply Fertilizer. Always follow the recommended fertilizer schedule and avoid over-fertilizing your lawn. Ideally, your last lawn feeding should take place six to. However, brown spots can quickly ruin the overall appearance of your yard. If you're trying to repair a damaged lawn, you can apply fertilizer more frequently. Generally, northern … In general, you don’t want to fertilize your lawn more than twice yearly, according to Frank Rossi, associate professor of horticulture at Cornell University’s School of Integrative … The best time of day to fertilize a lawn is morning because that's when the temperature is cooler and the grass is moist with dew. This tends to happen in April or May, but of course, it depends on where you live. Here is a more detailed schedule of when to fertilize your lawn in South Florida: how often to fertilize a lawn: You can also fertilize your lawn in the fall. The specific holidays when you fertilize will depend on whether you have northern (cool) season grass or southern (warm) season grass. In North Texas, the best times to fertilize are in spring and fall. Summer: A Time for Maintenance. Any colder, and the soil may not yet be thawed. Testing your soil will alert you to any soil quality concerns so you can address them before they affect the health of your grass. Even though cool-season grasses stay … Fertilizing centipede grass can be a bit of a puzzle for many lawn enthusiasts. Recycle grass clippings onto the lawn as you mow. They sprayed and prayed. Fertilizer should be a. Fertilizing your lawn is an essential step in keeping it healthy and vibrant A well-kept lawn is a source of pride and joy for any homeowner. pennsylvania drivers license online renewal This application helps the Kentucky bluegrass continue storing nutrients and strengthens the root system during the winter dormancy period. One essential aspect of lawn care is fertilizing. Best Timing for Fertilizing Lawns. Florida Lawn (https://edisufl Watering • An established, mature grass should be irrigated on an as-needed basis. Fertilizing your lawn is essential for maintaining a lush, green landscape. Best Timing for Fertilizing Lawns. Light fertilizer applications made in summer will ensure the turf remains healthy, continues to push new growth, and recover from hot and dry conditions. Fall is critical too. By this time, your new grass has had a chance to establish itself and grow stronger roots. But, if you’re like most homeowners, you may be confused by the numbers on the fertilizer bag A lush and healthy lawn is a dream for every homeowner. Drew’s passion for gardening started with growing vegetables and salad in raised beds in a small urban terrace garden. Late fertilizing of cool-season lawn grasses will keep it actively growing when frigid weather, snow and ice usher in winter, potentially causing winter kill and disease issues next spring. How Often Should I Fertilize My Lawn. Published March 8,. Fertilizer components, optimal times for application, and soil testing play crucial roles in achieving lush, healthy grass. how to turn safe mode off Find the best products and timing for early spring, late spring, summer and fall applications. A thriving, vibrant lawn is within reach when you know how often to fertilize your lawn and follow a well-planned schedule. By adjusting when and how often you fertilize, you not only save money but also reduce … How often you should fertilize your lawn depends on several factors, including the type of fertilizer, how much is applied, the type of grass, soil texture, and more. If you’re not sure when or how often you should be fertilizing lawns and you want to know the basics, generally adding fertilizer once or twice a year is perfect. How Often Should You Fertilize Lawn. To achieve this, regular fertilization is crucial. Apr 10, 2023 · If you have an automatic sprinkler system, you should fertilize your lawn about every six weeks. The right time to apply fertilizer is when the grass is growing more roots than blades Healthy soils produce healthy lawns. Mow regularly on a medium height setting. A healthy soil will produce a healthy lawn. We caught up with a pro to learn the most common fertilizing mistakes. The only reason you would get a test done is so you know what type of fert to buy. For grass growing in the sun, use the label rate of the fertilizer that you have selected. However, I should add that you also have to know when to fertilize. Fertilize after aerating your lawn. This element plays a crucial role in its care. During the scorching Boise summers, the primary focus shifts from promoting growth to maintaining the health of your lawn. This information tells you the correct proportion of fertilizer nutrients required to keep your lawn healthy and growing, as well as how frequently you should apply additional fertilizer. To keep your zoysia grass looking its best, it’s. Learning how often to fertilize a lawn is an important step towards having the best-kept lawn on the block. Trimming Tips: How Often Should You Mow Your Lawn?. medium com How often should I fertilize my lawn? You should fertilize your lawn every 6-8 weeks during the growing season. They sprayed and prayed. This helps support new leaves and fruit. This can lead to “burning” of the leaf plants. Never apply fertilizer until after all danger of frost has passed. Aug 8, 2024 · Fertilizer can give a lawn a boost, but knowing when to fertilize your lawn is vital for your grass to gain the full benefit of those vital nutrients. Set the spreader to the correct setting and start walking across your lawn. For the best results with Scotts Step 2 lawn fertilizer, use a seed spreader and apply the fertilizer while the grass is wet. As a result, the timing and frequency tips below are only general rules of thumb. When you apply fertilizer, you’ll be helping your grass grow thicker and healthier, without the risk of burning it Using Weed Killers on New Grass You’ll also see grass beginning to sprout. This technique involves spraying a slurry of seed, mulch, fertilizer, and water onto t. However, this all depends on the type of fertilizer you use. Avoid fertilizing during extreme heat or cold. This helps the grass fill out and gain strength during its peak growing period. Fertilizing at the right times of the year and knowing how often should you fertilize your lawn is essential for maintaining optimal lawn health and growth, as different grass types have distinct nutrient needs during various seasons. ’ How often you should be fertilizing your grass depends on the fertilizer type, climate, season and grass type. If you’ve been wondering, “How often should I fertilize my lawn?” you’re in the right place.
How to Fertilize Warm-Season Grasses in Oklahoma. If you have healthy soil, you can skip fertilization in some cases. Author; Recent Posts; Larry Meyers. The more you fertilize, the more you'll have to mow, for instance. disney vhs tapes For instance, using the best lawn fertilizer for spring should be done early in the growing season. Granular fertilizer: water … How often you fertilize depends on your maintenance plan and the specific needs of your lawn. Test your soil to know which nutrients it lacks. Maintaining a lush and vibrant lawn requires not only regular watering and mowing but also proper fertilization. You will only need to water your lawn when it shows dryness and stress. lilith biblical And if you have centipede grass, you’re in luck! Centipede grass doesn’t like extra nitrogen, so you don’t have to fertilize. Infrequent but deep watering is the key to growing a healthy lawn with deeper roots. The first reason is that the sod grasses have been through a traumatic experience by being dug out of the ground, rolled up or stacked into piles, transported possibly hundreds of miles, and finally tossed onto the ground and tamped back down. But what does fertilization do and how often does the lawn need it? How often you should fertilize your lawn is based on a number of important factors. Even so, a tailored fertilizing schedule for your lawn also needs to take into account the following factors. Understanding Fertilizer Components. Having a lush and healthy lawn requires proper care and maintenance. how to watch nfl without cable While there are many good brands of nitrogen fertilizer on the market. Typically, you should fertilize your lawn every 6 to 8 weeks. How often should I fertilize my lawn? You can fertilize your lawn up to 5 – 6 times a year if you are not using a slow-release formula. When it comes to lawn care, fertilizing is one of the most important steps you can take to ensure your grass looks its best. If you’re applying fertilizer 4 times yearly, you can time your applications … When and how often should you fertilise your lawn? It is advisable to fertilise your lawn at least twice a year, in spring and autumn.
Healthy lawns limit erosion, cool the environment and. In the spring, you should fertilize your lawn about two weeks after the last frost. Then lightly water again. When and How Often Should I Fertilize My Lawn? It depends on where you live and the type of grass and fertilizer you're using. The best time to fertilize grass is when the ground warms up to 55 degrees Fahrenheit. However, other common lawn problems, including disease and drought, can cause bare … If your lawn looks hungry (meaning it could use more green and growth), mulching might be the way to go. A lower rate is generally used in spring and early summer than in early and late fall. It is vital to do this during the season that your grass is growing the most. Never apply fertilizer until after all danger of frost has passed. You’ve also got to distribute it properly. May 5, 2024 · It provides the nutrients your grass needs to thrive—it also crowds out weeds, improves disease and drought resistance, and provides a healthy root system. You can use a hand-held spreader, like the Scotts® Whirl™ Hand-Powered Spreader for a small lawn or a broadcast spreader for a larger. Heavy clay soil and high-traffic areas should be aerated at least once a year You should aim to fertilize your lawn within 48 hours of lawn aeration. A lush, green lawn is the pride of any homeowner. However, knowing the best time to fertilize your lawn can make a significant. Aug 13, 2024 · The best time to fertilize is about six to eight weeks after overseeding. A healthy soil will produce a healthy lawn. This should be done in early spring, late spring, summer, and fall, with feedings spaced 6 to 8 weeks apart. How Often to Water Centipede Grass Wait to fertilize in spring until after you have mowed the grass two or three times. For example, if you apply 1 lb ft ft. Augustinegrass, bahiagrass, and centipedegrass can fade to a lighter green. However, you may need to fertilize more often if your. Fertilize after aerating your lawn. Always sweep excess fertilizer off sidewalks and patios to avoid runoff. how to become a film critic A thriving, vibrant lawn is within reach when you know how often to fertilize your lawn and follow a well-planned schedule. Drew’s passion for gardening started with growing vegetables and salad in raised beds in a small urban terrace garden. However, you may need to fertilize more often if your lawn is growing quickly or if it is exposed to a lot of foot traffic. For cool-season grasses, that means in spring and/or fall. Best Timing for Fertilizing Lawns. Organic gardeners avoid the use of any chemical products as lawn fertilizers. Try to leave 6-8 weeks between each application, and use a soil test. One of the most effective ways to evenly distribute fertilizer acro. Apply granulated fertilizer to a dry lawn and wait at least 24 hours to water it. Fertilizing your lawn with a light application in early fall and again in late fall is your best bet. The more you fertilize, the more you'll have to mow, for instance. Determining The Type And Amount Of Fertilizer For Your New Grass. Mar 29, 2023 · So your first feeding would be between February-April, followed by April-June, then June-August and finally August-November. medium rare ny strip Once mown, it … How often you fertilize — and when to fertilize your lawn — affects not only lawn appearance, but also maintenance level. Organic gardeners avoid the use of any chemical products as lawn fertilizers. How often to fertilize depends on the type of grass you have. how often to fertilize a lawn: If you fertilize your lawn in the fall, you should do so using a slow-release fertilizer. In my experience, focusing on the type of grass—whether it’s Bermuda, St. New sod can turn brown due to early fertilizer application, inadequate watering, soil compaction and lack of contact with the soil. Avoid fertilizing during extreme heat or cold. Healthy soil is the foundation of a lush lawn. Apr 30, 2022 · The best time to fertilize grass is when the ground warms up to 55 degrees Fahrenheit. Most lawn seed is a mixture of several different types of grasses, and both spring and fall fertilization are appropriate. Depending on the type of grass youre growing, apply one pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet every eight weeks or eleven and a half pounds per year. Before diving into the spe. Jan 19, 2024 · Jonathan Green can offer detailed information on how often you should fertilize your lawn in a year and recommend the best products based on your specific needs. When properly applied, fertilizers pose few risks to humans or animals. You should not fertilize your lawn late in the autumn or early winter to prevent early growth that cold temperatures could damage. Try to leave 6-8 weeks between each application, and use a soil test.